Effects of Pasturella Multocida B: 2 and its immunogens (LPS and OMP) on reproductive hormones in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes / Efeitos de Pasteurella multocida B: 2 e seus imunógenos (LPS e OMP) em hormônios reprodutivos em búfalos Nili-Ravi

Abstract Livestock is a fundamental part of the agriculture industry in Pakistan and contributes more than 11.53% to GDP. Among livestock species, the buffaloes are regarded as the black gold of Pakistan. Being the highest milk producers globally, Nili-Ravi buffaloes are the most famous ones. Buffaloes are affected by many endemic diseases, and "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS) is one of them. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of experimental exposure ofP. multocida B:2 (oral) and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous) on reproductive hormonal profiles in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Repeated serum samples were collected from the jugular vein of experimental animals for 21 days (0, 02, 04, 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 and 504 hours). Hormonal assays to determine the serum concentrations of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) were performed using (MyBioSource) commercial Elisa kits. The hormonal profile of all treatment groups of the buffalo heifers exhibited significant (P<0.05) variations as compared to the control group (G-1). These results indicate suppression in Nili-Ravi buffaloes' reproductive hormonal profile on exposure to P. multocida B:2 and its immunogens. This influence warrants that exposure to H.S may be a possible reason for delayed puberty and poor reproduction performance in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Resumo A pecuária é uma parte fundamental da indústria agrícola no Paquistão e contribui com 11,53% do PIB nacional. Entre as espécies de gado, os búfalos são considerados o ouro negro do Paquistão. Sendo os maiores produtores de leite em todo o mundo, os búfalos Nili-Ravi são os mais famosos. Os búfalos são afetados por muitas doenças endêmicas, entre as quais a "septicemia hemorrágica" (SH). Este estudo busca verificar os efeitos da exposição experimental de P. multocida B:2 (oral) e seus imunógenos, ou seja, LPS (oral e intravenoso) e OMP (oral e subcutâneo), nos perfis hormonais reprodutivos em búfalos Nili-Ravi. Amostras de soro repetidas foram coletadas da veia jugular de animais experimentais por 21 dias (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168, 216, 264, 360, 456 e 504 horas). Os ensaios hormonais para determinar as concentrações séricas do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH), hormônio foliculoestimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), estrogênio (E2) e progesterona (P4) foram realizados usando kits comerciais Elisa (MyBioSource). O perfil hormonal de todos os grupos de tratamento das novilhas bubalinas apresentou variações significativas (P < 0,05) em relação ao grupo controle (G-1). Esses resultados indicam supressão no perfil hormonal reprodutivo de búfalos Nili-Ravi na exposição a P. multocida B:2 e seus imunógenos. Essa influência garante que a exposição à SH possa ser uma possível razão para o atraso da puberdade e o baixo desempenho reprodutivo em búfalos Nili-Ravi.

Marcadores bioquímicos propuestos para el estudio de la sarcopenia / Proposed biochemical markers for the study of sarcopenia

La sarcopenia asociada a la edad es una condición clínica caracterizada por una disminución en la fuerza, calidad y cantidad de masa muscular así como también en la función muscular. Un biomarcador se define como una característica que es medible objetivamente y evaluable como indicador de un proceso biológico normal, patológico o respuesta terapéutica a una intervención farmacológica. Los marcadores bioquímicos propuestos para el estudio de la sarcopenia pueden ser categorizados en dos grupos. El primero de ellos evalúa el estatus musculoesquelético; este panel de marcadores está formado por miostatina/folistatina, procolágeno aminoterminal tipo III e índice de sarcopenia. El segundo grupo de marcadores bioquímicos evalúa factores causales, para lo cual se sugiere medir el factor de crecimiento insulino-símil tipo 1 (IGF-1), dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEAS), cortisol, facto-res inflamatorios [proteína C reactiva (PCR), interleuquina 6 (IL-6) y factor de necrosis tu-moral (TNF-a)]. Las recomendaciones realiza-das están basadas en la evidencia científica disponible en la actualidad y la disponibilidad de la metodología apropiada para cada uno de los biomarcadores. (AU)

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder defined by decrease in the strength, quality and quantity of muscle mass as well as in muscle function. A biomarker is defined as a feature objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of a normal biologic process, a pathogenic process or a pharmacologic response to therapeutic intervention. The biochemical markers proposed for the study of sarcopenia may be classified in two groups. The first group evaluates the musculoskeletal status, made up by myostatin/follistatin, N-terminal Type III Procollagen and the sarcopenia index. The second evaluates causal factors, where the measurement of the following is suggested: hormones insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), cortisol, inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)]. The recommendations made are based on scientific evidence currently available and the appropriate methodology availability for each biomarker. (AU)

Percepções e expectativas de homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais pós-transição / Trans men's perceptions and expectations of post-transition affective-sexual relationships / Percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición

As identidades transmasculinas ganharam visibilidade social e acadêmica no Brasil a partir de 2010, contudo, as questões subjetivas dos homens trans ainda são pouco debatidas, em particular temas associados aos relacionamentos afetivos na experiência desses sujeitos. Este estudo qualitativo tem por objetivo identificar as percepções e expectativas dos homens trans acerca dos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais no cenário pós-transição de gênero. Participaram da pesquisa 15 homens transexuais hormonizados, com idades entre 20 e 41 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada nas modalidades presencial e on-line. Empregou-se análise temática reflexiva, que resultou em dois temas analíticos. Os resultados apontam que os homens trans, ao contrário de suas expectativas iniciais, percebem que tiveram menos oportunidades de relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais depois de sua transição de gênero. Os participantes atribuem essa dificuldade especialmente ao fato de não terem se submetido à cirurgia de redesignação sexual. O desconforto é acentuado por sua materialidade corpórea divergente da cisnormatividade, sistema regulador que associa pessoas pertencentes ao gênero masculino à presença de um pênis. Outra fonte de desconforto é o repúdio social, que alimenta a abjeção, exotização e fetichização dos corpos transmasculinos. Também são descritas as especificidades do relacionamento dos homens trans com mulheres cisgênero, heterossexuais e lésbicas. Os resultados evidenciam que a fixação persistente no genital, como referente e signo determinante do gênero e da sexualidade, modula e regula a busca e o encontro de parceira(o) íntima(o).(AU)

Transmasculine identities have gained social and academic visibility in Brazil since 2010, but subjective issues, especially those associated with affective relationships, are still little discussed. This qualitative study sought to identify trans men's perceptions and expectations regarding post-transition affective-sexual relationships. A total of 15 transsexual men undergoing hormone therapy, aged between 20 and 41 years, participated in the research. Data were collected by means of in-person and online semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which resulted in two analytical themes. Results show that trans men, differently from their initial expectations, perceive fewer opportunities for affective-sexual relationships after their gender transition. The participants attribute this difficulty, especially, to the fact that they have not undergone sexual reassignment surgery. Discomfort isaccentuated by their bodily materiality diverging from cisnormativity, the regulatory system that associates people belonging to the male gender with the presence of a penis. Another source of discomfort is the social repudiation, which reinforces the abjection, exoticization, and fetishization of transmasculine bodies. The specifics of trans men's relationships with cisgender, heterosexual, and lesbian women are also described. The results show that the persistent fixation on the genital, as a referent and determinant sign of gender and sexuality, modulates and regulates the search for and encounter of intimate partners.(AU)

Las identidades transmasculinas han ganado visibilidad social y académica en Brasil desde 2010, sin embargo, las cuestiones subjetivas de los hombres trans son aún poco discutidas, en particular las cuestiones asociadas a las relaciones afectivas en la experiencia de estos sujetos. Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo identificar las percepciones y expectativas de los hombres trans sobre las relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de la transición de género. Participaron en la investigación 15 hombres transexuales hormonados, de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 41 años. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada en las modalidades presencial y en línea. Se realizó un análisis temático reflexivo, que dio como resultado dos temas analíticos. Los resultados muestran que los hombres trans, al contrario de sus expectativas iniciales, perciben que han tenido menos oportunidades de relaciones afectivo-sexuales después de su transición de género. Los participantes atribuyen esta dificultad especialmente al hecho de no haberse sometido a cirugía de reasignación sexual. La incomodidad se acentúa por su materialidad corpórea divergente de la cisnormatividad, un sistema normativo según el cual las personas pertenecientes al género masculino deben tener pene. Otra fuente de malestar es el repudio social, que alimenta la abyección, la exotización y la fetichización de los cuerpos transmasculinos. También se describen las especificidades de las relaciones de los hombres trans con las mujeres heterosexuales, cisgénero y lesbianas. Los resultados muestran que la persistente fijación en los genitales, como referente y signo determinante del género y la sexualidad, modula y regula la búsqueda y el encuentro de parejas íntimas.(AU)

Associations of sex hormone levels with body mass index (BMI) in men: a cross-sectional study using quantile regression analysis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Body mass index (BMI) has been increasing globally in recent decades. Previous studies reported that BMI was associated with sex hormone levels, but the results were generated via linear regression or logistic regression, which would lose part of information. Quantile regression analysis can maximize the use of variable information. Our study compared the associations among different regression models. The participants were recruited from the Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Changchun, China) between June 2018 and June 2019. We used linear, logistic, and quantile regression models to calculate the associations between sex hormone levels and BMI. In total, 448 men were included in this study. The average BMI was 25.7 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 3.7) kg m-2; 29.7% (n = 133) of the participants were normal weight, 45.3% (n = 203) of the participants were overweight, and 23.4% (n = 105) of the participants were obese. The levels of testosterone and estradiol significantly differed among BMI groups (all P < 0.05). In linear regression and logistic regression, BMI was associated with testosterone and estradiol levels (both P < 0.05). In quantile regression, BMI was negatively associated with testosterone levels in all quantiles after adjustment for age (all P < 0.05). BMI was positively associated with estradiol levels in most quantiles (≤80th) after adjustment for age (all P < 0.05). Our study suggested that BMI was one of the influencing factors of testosterone and estradiol. Of note, the quantile regression showed that BMI was associated with estradiol only up to the 80th percentile of estradiol.

Effects of mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 on semen parameters and sex-related hormone levels in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has yet to be proven to alter male reproductive function, particularly in the majority of mild/asymptomatic patients. The purpose of this study was to explore whether mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 affects semen quality and sex-related hormone levels. To find suitable comparative studies, a systematic review and meta-analysis was done up to January 22, 2022, by using multiple databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify and choose the studies. Meta-analysis was used to examine the semen parameters and sex-related hormones of mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 patients before and after infection. The effects of semen collection time, fever, and intensity of verification on semen following infection were also investigated. A total of 13 studies (n = 770) were included in the analysis, including three case-control studies, six pre-post studies, and four single-arm studies. A meta-analysis of five pre-post studies showed that after infection with COVID-19, sperm concentration (I2 = 0; P = 0.003), total sperm count (I2 = 46.3%; P = 0.043), progressive motility (I2 = 50.0%; P < 0.001), total sperm motility (I2 = 76.1%; P = 0.047), and normal sperm morphology (I2 = 0; P = 0.001) decreased. Simultaneously, a systematic review of 13 studies found a significant relationship between semen collection time after infection, inflammation severity, and semen parameter values, with fever having only bearing on semen concentration. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in sex-related hormone levels before and after infection in mild/asymptomatic patients. Mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 infection had a significant effect on semen quality in the short term. It is recommended to avoid initiating a pregnancy during this period of time.

Effect of electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle on motor function in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the improvement effect between simultaneous electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle and simple electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle on spasticity degree, upper-extremity motor function and activity of daily living in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke were randomized into a comprehensive group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and an antagonistic muscle group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the antagonistic muscle group, acupuncture was applied at Jianyu (LI 15), Binao (LI 14), Zhouliao (LI 12), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5) and Houxi (SI 3), electric stimulation was attached to Jianyu (LI 15)-Binao (LI 14), Zhouliao (LI 12)-Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5)-Houxi (SI 3), with discontinuous wave, 15 Hz in frequency. On the basis of the treatment in the antagonistic muscle group, acupuncture was applied at Tianquan (PC 2), Chize (LU 5), Jianshi (PC 5) and Daling (PC 7) in the comprehensive group, electric stimulation was attached to Tianquan (PC 2)-Chize (LU 5) and Jianshi (PC 5)-Daling (PC 7), with continuous wave, 5 Hz in frequency. The treatment was given once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity scale (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel index (MBI) scale were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the MAS scores of elbow flexors and wrist flexors after treatment were decreased (P<0.05), the scores of FMA-UE and MBI scale after treatment were increased in the two groups (P<0.05). The scores of FMA-UE and MBI scale after treatment in the comprehensive group were higher than those in the antagonistic muscle group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Simultaneous electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle and agonistic muscle and simple electroacupuncture at antagonistic muscle can both improve the spasticity degree in patients with upper-extremity spasticity after stroke, however, the former can better restore motor function and improve activity of daily living.

Os outros são os outros: percepções de homens usuários sobre os efeitos adversos da testosterona / The others are the others: perceptions of male users about the adverse effects of testosterone

Resumo Este artigo analisa a percepção de homens usuários de testosterona acerca dos efeitos adversos no uso do hormônio, a fim de refletir sobre a eficácia e o alcance de ações em saúde voltadas para essa prática. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos a partir de 21 relatos de história de vida de homens que utilizam a testosterona, com ou sem acompanhamento médico, de perfil variado, coletados em 2016 majoritariamente no Rio de Janeiro. A discussão se apoia nos estudos de gênero e de masculinidades para argumentar como os homens interpretam os impactos do uso da testosterona a partir de uma valorização de características masculinas associadas a um ideal normalizador de masculinidade. Os resultados apontam uma percepção generalizada no campo de que o hormônio causa pouco ou nenhum mal, através de um processo de invisibilização ou ressignificação dos efeitos potencialmente negativos. Além disso, há um movimento de deslocamento dos problemas associados ao uso a personagens estereotipadas, num processo de desresponsabilização de si e reafirmação de atributos de um ideal de masculinidade. Com isso, busca-se contribuir para a construção de ações em saúde mais adequadas ao cotidiano dos usuários e, portanto, mais eficazes.

Abstract This article analyzes the perception of male users of testosterone about the adverse effects of the hormone, aiming to challenge the effectiveness and scope of health actions for this practice. Empirical data were obtained in 2016, mostly in Rio de Janeiro, from life history interviews with 21 male users of testosterone, with or without medical monitoring, from different backgrounds. In the light of gender and masculinity studies, it discusses how men interpret the impacts of testosterone use from a social valuation of certain traits associated with a normalizing manhood ideal. Results indicate an invisibilization or re-signification of potentially negative effects of the hormone, culminating in a widespread perception that it causes little or no harm. The problems associated with testosterone use acquire stereotyped characters, through a process of denying self-responsibility and reaffirming attributes of an ideal type of masculinity. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more adequate and thus more effective health actions to users' daily lives.

Disparidad global por sexo de Covid-19: una revisión descriptiva de las hormonas sexuales y consideración del uso terapéutico potencial de la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en adultos mayores / COVID-19 global gender disparity: a descriptive review of sex hormones and consideration of the potential therapeutic use of hormone replacement therapy in older adults

La pandemia de coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) relacionada con el SARS 2019-2020 ha traído desafíos sin precedentes a los sectores de la salud en todo el mundo. Hasta noviembre de 2020, ha habido más de 64 millones de casos confirmados y se acercan a 2 millones de muertes en todo el mundo. A pesar de la gran cantidad de casos positivos, existen muy pocos estándares establecidos de atención y opciones terapéuticas disponibles. Hasta la fecha, (Diciembre 2020) todavía no existe una vacuna aprobada por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) para COVID-19, aunque existen varias ensayos clínicos en diferentes. etapas de desarrollo. En este documento, hemos realizado una revisión global que evalúa los roles de la edad y el sexo en las hospitalizaciones por COVID-19, las admisiones a la UCI, las muertes en hospitales y las muertes en hogares de ancianos. Hemos identificado una tendencia en la que las personas mayores y los pacientes masculinos se ven afectados significativamente por los resultados adversos.

Semen parameters in men recovered from COVID-19 / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is emerging as a global health threat and shows a higher risk for men than women. Thus far, the studies on andrological consequences of COVID-19 are limited. To ascertain the consequences of COVID-19 on sperm parameters after recovery, we recruited 41 reproductive-aged male patients who had recovered from COVID-19, and analyzed their semen parameters and serum sex hormones at a median time of 56 days after hospital discharge. For longitudinal analysis, a second sampling was obtained from 22 of the 41 patients after a median time interval of 29 days from first sampling. Compared with controls who had not suffered from COVID-19, the total sperm count, sperm concentration, and percentages of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa in the patients were significantly lower at first sampling, while sperm vitality and morphology were not affected. The total sperm count, sperm concentration, and number of motile spermatozoa per ejaculate were significantly increased and the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm was reduced at the second sampling compared with those at first in the 22 patients examined. Though there were higher prolactin and lower progesterone levels in patients at first sampling than those in controls, no significant alterations were detected for any sex hormones examined over time following COVID-19 recovery in the 22 patients. Although it should be interpreted carefully, these findings indicate an adverse but potentially reversible consequence of COVID-19 on sperm quality.

Avaliação do efeito sinérgico entre risedronato sistêmico e genisteína local sobre o reparo peri-implantar em ratas com deficiência de estrógeno e síndrome metabólica / Evaluation of the synergistic effect between systemic Risedronate and local Genistein on peri-implant repair in strogen deficient rats and metabolic syndrome

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ação sinérgica do risedronato de sódio sistêmico e da genisteína administrada localmente, através da funcionalização de implantes, de ratas submetidas a ovariectomia e com hábitos de mimetizam a síndrome metabólica. A parte in vitro deste estudo foi executado em 2 etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizada a funcionalização da superfície de discos/implantes com genistína na concentração de 100 µM pela técnica layer by layer (lbl). Na segunda etapa foram feitos testes biológicos em culturas de células, para avaliar as propriedades da superfície funcionalizada, quanto às respostas osteogênicas. Para a cultura de células foram utilizadas células mesenquimais diferenciadas em osteoblastos, isoladas de fêmures de ratos. Após a validação pelos testes executados nas superfícies funcionalizadas, foi realizado estudo in vivo (3ª etapa). Para tanto, no dia 0, as ratas Wistar adultas jovens, fêmeas (n=64) foram divididas em 4 grupos: 1- SHAM (n= 16), animais foram submetidos à ovariectomia (OVX) fictícia e dieta balanceada. 2- SHAM Síndrome Metabólica (SM) (n=16), animais foram submetidos à ovariectomia fictícia e dieta de cafeteria. 3- OVX SM (n=16), animais foram submetidos à ovariectomia bilateral e dieta de cafeteria. 4- OVX SM Risedronato (RIS) (n=16), animais foram submetidos à ovariectomia bilateral, dieta de cafeteria e tratadas com risedronato de sódio. Em cada grupo há 2 subgrupos: A- implantes convencionais e B- implantes funcionalizados com genisteína. No dia 30, foi iniciado o tratamento medicamentoso com risedronato de sódio, na concentração de 0,35mg/kg, ou apenas solução salina, via gavagem, 1 vez por semana. Passados 60 dias da medicação (dia 90), todos os animais foram submetidos à cirurgia para exodontia dos 1os molares superiores bilateralmente e, imediatamente, no alvéolo da raiz mesial, foi instalado os implantes com superfície convencional ou funcionalizada. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 28 dias (dia 118) após a instalação dos implantes para mensuração do torque de falha na interface osso implante em N/cm. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de homocedasticidade (Shapiro Wilk). Houve a confirmação de distribuição normal dos dados amostrais e na sequência, foi realizado o teste paramétrico ANOVA One Way or Two Way, seguido do pós teste de Tukey, com o nível de significância de 5% (p< 0,05). Concluiu-se que, a concentração de 100 µM da genisteína manteve a viabilidade celular e resultados favoráveis quanto a genotoxicidade. A dieta de cafeteria e a ovariectomia bilateral mimetizam a síndrome metabólica e a predisposição para osteoporose por deficiência de esteroides gonadais. E, a ação sinérgica entre fármaco sistêmico (risedronato de sódio) e genisteína local foi promissora para a melhora no processo de reparo periimplantar, principalmente no grupo SHAM e OVX SM RIS(AU)

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic action of systemic risedronate sodium and locally administered genistein, through implant functionalization, of rats submitted to ovariectomy and with habits mimicking the metabolic syndrome. The in vitro part of this study was performed in 2 steps. In the first step, the surface functionalization of discs/implants was performed with genistein at a concentration of 100 µM by the layer by layer (lbl) technique. In the second step biological tests were performed in cell cultures to evaluate the properties of the functionalized surface for osteogenic responses. For the cell culture, mesenchymal cells differentiated into osteoblasts, isolated from rat femurs, were used. After validation by tests performed on the functionalized surfaces, the in vivo study (third test) was performed. For this purpose, on day 0, young adult female Wistar rats (n=64) were divided into 4 groups: 1- SHAM (n=16), animals were submitted to sham ovariectomy (OVX) and balanced diet. 2- SHAM Metabolic Syndrome (MS) (n=16), animals were submitted to sham ovariectomy and cafeteria diet. 3- OVX SM (n=16), animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy and cafeteria diet. 4- OVX SM Risedronate (RIS) (n=16), animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy, cafeteria diet and treated with risedronate sodium. In each group there are 2 subgroups: A- conventional implants and B- implants functionalized with genistein. On day 30, drug treatment was started with risedronate sodium, at a concentration of 0.35 mg/kg, or just saline solution, via gavage, once a week. After 60 days of medication (day 90), all animals underwent surgery to extract the 1st upper molars bilaterally, and implants with conventional or functionalized surfaces were immediately installed in the mesial root alveolus. The animals were euthanized at 28 days (day 118) after implant installation to measure the failure torque at the implant-bone interface in N/cm. The data were submitted to the homoscedasticity test (Shapiro Wilk). The normal distribution of the sample data was confirmed and then the parametric One Way or Two Way ANOVA test was performed, followed by Tukey's post-test, with a significance level of 5% (p< 0.05). It was concluded that, the concentration of 100 µM of genistein maintained cell viability and favorable results regarding genotoxicity. The cafeteria diet and bilateral ovariectomy mimic the metabolic syndrome and predisposition to osteoporosis by gonadal steroid deficiency. And, the synergistic action between systemic drug (risedronate sodium) and local genistein was promising for the improvement in the periimplant repair process, especially in the SHAM and OVX SM RIS groups(AU)

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on effector functions of neutrophils

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, gonads and brain. It is a precursor to sex hormones and also is known to have immune modulatory activity. However, little is known about the relationship between DHEA and neutrophils and thus our study evaluates the influence of DHEA in the effector functions of neutrophils. Human neutrophils were treated in vitro with DHEA and further infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The treatment of neutrophils with 0.01 µM of DHEA increased the phagocytosis of Salmonella independent of TLR4 as the treatment did not modulate the TLR4 expression. Additionally, DHEA caused a decrease in ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and did not influence the formation of the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). Steroid treated neutrophils, infected or stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide), showed reduced production of IL-8, compared to untreated cells. Also, the protein levels of p-NFκB were decreased in neutrophils treated with DHEA, and this reduction could explain the reduced levels of IL-8. These results led us to conclude that the steroid hormone DHEA has important modulatory functions in neutrophils

Síndrome dos ovários policísticos e sua relação com a microbiota intestinal / Polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with the intestinal microbiota

Objetivo: Revisar a implicação e a relação existente entre a microbiota intestinal e a síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos das bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e Science Direct dos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A disbiose da microbiota intestinal ativa o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro. Tal ativação interfere na função do receptor de insulina, causando hiperinsulinemia, o que aumenta a produção de androgênio ovariano e dificulta o desenvolvimento de um folículo saudável. Além disso, pacientes com SOP apresentam o perfil taxonômico alterado, o qual se associou inversamente com excesso de andrógenos e inflamação da SOP. Foi evidenciado que o uso de probióticos pode regular a resposta inflamatória, diminuir os níveis totais de testosterona e contribuir para que a SOP não prejudique uma possível gravidez. Conclusão: Essa revisão sugere que há íntima associação entre a disbiose microbiana e as alterações patológicas que ocorrem na SOP. Assim, a suplementação de probióticos em tais pacientes pode ter grandes benefícios, como melhora dos sintomas e redução das repercussões da doença.(AU)

Objective: To review the implication and the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles from the PubMed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases, from the last five years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota activates the host's immune system. Such activation interferes with the function of the insulin receptor, causing hyperinsulinemia, which increases the production of ovarian androgens and hinders the development of a healthy follicle. In addition, patients with PCOS have an altered taxonomic profile, which is inversely associated with excess androgens and PCOS inflammation. It was evidenced that the use of probiotics can regulate the inflammatory response, decrease the total testosterone levels and contribute so that PCOS does not harm a possible pregnancy. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is a close association between microbial dysbiosis and pathological changes that occur in PCOS. Thus, supplementation of probiotics in such patients can have great benefits, such as improving symptoms and reducing the repercussions of the disease.(AU)

Importância do gênero em doenças alérgicas / Gender importance in allergic diseases

As diferenças entre o sexo biológico, identidade de gênero e seu impacto na saúde podem ter implicações significativas para a prevenção, rastreamento, diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças, inclusive as alérgicas. A medicina de precisão pode levar a novas classificações para as doenças, baseadas nos mecanismos moleculares. Já a medicina personalizada tem um significado mais amplo, levando em consideração o indivíduo a ser tratado. Embora a alergia seja mais prevalente em meninos na infância, isto muda rapidamente durante o desenvolvimento sexual das meninas, levando à predominância feminina vitalícia nas doenças alérgicas. Isso pode ser explicado pela influência dos hormônios sexuais, diferentes estilos de vida adotados por homens e mulheres, diferenças imunológicas, variações na microbiota, qualidade da alimentação, tipo de profissão, adesão ao tratamento, entre outros. Aspectos relacionados ao gênero devem se tornar parâmetros essenciais em alergologia para a estratificação diagnóstica e terapêutica, associados aos aspectos moleculares, genéticos e epigenéticos. Para o sucesso do tratamento é importante conhecer o indivíduo a ser tratado, levando em consideração seus aspectos biológicos, psicológicos, socioeconômicos e práticos, realizando uma abordagem personalizada.

Differences between biological sex, gender identity, and their impact on health may have significant implications to screening, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases, including allergies. Precision medicine may lead to new classifications of diseases based on molecular mechanisms. Personalized medicine, in turn, has a wider spectrum considering the individual patient to be treated. Although boys have allergies more often in childhood, this quickly changes during girls' sexual development, leading to a lifelong female predominance of allergic diseases. This can be explained by influence of sexual hormones, different lifestyles adopted by men and women, microbiota variations, diet quality, occupation, and adherence to treatment, among others. Genderrelated aspects should become essential parameters in allergology for diagnostic and therapeutic stratification, associated with molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects. To obtain a successful treatment, knowing the individual to be treated, considering biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and practical aspects, is important to perform a personalized approach.

Salud ósea en personas transgénero / Bone health in transgender subjects

Una persona transgénero es aquella en la cual el género autopercibido difiere del asignado al nacer, mientras que el término cisgénero es utilizado en aquellos individuos no trans. El tratamiento hormonal cruzado (THC) constituye una opción para lograr caracteres sexuales secundarios deseados. Es conocido que los esteroides sexuales desempeñan un rol fundamental en la adquisición de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) durante la pubertad. Por lo tanto, el impacto del THC sobre la masa ósea se ha convertido en materia de estudio. En estadios puberales tempranos, los análogos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) son utilizados con un efecto reversible. Si bien la DMO parece mantenerse estable, cuando se compara con una población de referencia del mismo sexo biológico y edad, el Z-score se encuentra por debajo de lo esperado. En adultos, durante el THC no se informaron disminuciones en la DMO. Está reportado que las mujeres trans antes del inicio del TH presentan características densitométricas diferentes de los hombres cisgénero. Hasta el momento, la carga de datos para los calculadores del riesgo de fractura y el software del equipo DXA se basan en el sexo biológico y no en identidad de género. Recientemente, la International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) emitió sus recomendaciones para la evaluación de la masa ósea en personas transgénero y en aquellos individuos no conformes con el género. Si bien la ISCD sugiere realizar la evaluación únicamente en aquellos pacientes con factores de riesgo, es de importancia realizar DXA basal, sobre todo en mujeres transgénero, para determinar el riesgo inicial de dicha población. En este artículo se revisa la evidencia disponible sobre el impacto del THC en la salud ósea de personas transgénero. (AU)

Cross sex hormone therapy (CSHT) in transgender women (TW) it is an option to achieve desired secondary sexual characteristics. It is known that sex steroids play a fundamental role in the acquisition of bone mineral density during puberty, in addition to determining a different characteristic bone pattern between both biological sexes. So the impact of affirming HT on bone is it has become in subject of study. In early pubertal stages, GnRH analogs are used with a reversible effect. Although bone mineral density (BMD) seems to remain stable, when compared with a reference population of the same biological sex and age, the Z-score is lower than expected. In adults, during CSHT no decreases in BMD were reported. However, it was reported that TW prior to starting CSHT present different densitometric characteristics than cisgender men. So far, the data load for the fracture risk calculators and DXA software is based on biological sex and not gender identity. Recently the ISCD issued its recommendations for the evaluation of bone mass in transgender subjects and in those non-conforming to gender. Although the ISCD suggests performing the evaluation only in those patients with risk factors, our group recognizes that baseline DXA, especially in TW, constitutes a useful tool to determine the initial risk of this population. Our proposal arises from our own experience and from that compiled in the international literature, where it is observed that even without starting CSHT, transgender women have lower BMD. DXA. This article reviews the available evidence regarding the effect of CSHT on health bone in transgender people. (AU)

Prevalência da doença periodontal em gestantes de uma unidade básica de saúde em Natal/RN / Prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant in a Basic Health Unit in Natal/RN / Prevalencia de enfermedades periodontales en mujeres embarazadas en unaunidad de saludbásica en Natal/RN

Introdução:Durante a gravidez, os hormônios sexuais, estrógeno e progesterona, aumentam significativamente no organismo da mulher e parecem exercer efeitos marcantes e potencialmente prejudiciais sobre o metabolismo tecidual sendo, portanto, um fator agravante para oaumento da incidência da doença periodontal nesse período, assim como para o aumento da severidade da doença quando já instalada. Além disso, durante o período de gestação, ocorrem alterações nos níveis hormonais modificando as chances da doença periodontal se instalar ou se agravar. Objetivo:Estudar a prevalência e a severidade da doença periodontal, a identificação de dieta, higiene bucal e levantamento de lesões brancas ativas de esmaltenas gestantes cadastradas no Programa Pré-natal em umaUnidade Básica de Saúde em Natal/RN. Método:O estudo se caracteriza como seccional, descritivo e observacional, tendo como público alvo as gestantes cadastradas no programa de Pré-natal da Unidade de Saúde de Aparecida. Foram incluídas 30 gestantes em estágios diversos de gravidez. Para a análise das condições periodontais utilizou-se Índice Periodontal Comunitário. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha Excel, a partir dos quais foram calculadas médias e os respectivos desvios-padrão. Além disso foi aplicado um questionário com questões semiestruturadas para a identificação de dieta, higiene bucal e levantamento de lesões brancas ativas de esmalte. Resultados:Constatou-se que metade das gestantes adotavam dieta rica em carboidratos, e de um modo geral, apresentavam higiene bucal insatisfatória; presença de lesão branca de esmalte ativa na maioria das gestantes examinadas; a condição periodontal avaliada por meio do índice escolhido queevidenciou alta prevalência de cálculo dentário, sangramento gengival ebolsas periodontais entre os sextantes examinados. Conclusões:De forma geral, as gestantes apresentaram uma condição de saúde bucal precária, com altas médias dos componentes do índice usadoe presença de lesões brancas ativas de esmalte.(AU).

Introduction:During pregnancy, the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, increase significantly in the woman's body and seem to exert significant and potentially harmful effects on the tissue metabolism and, therefore, an aggravating factor to increase the incidence of periodontal disease in this period, as well as to increase the severity of the disease when already installed. In addition, during the gestation period, changes in hormone levelsoccur, modifying the chances of periodontal disease if it installs or worsens.Objective:To study the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, identification of diet, oral hygiene and survey of active White enamel lesions among pregnant women enrolled in the Pré-natal Program in aBasic Health Unitin Natal/RN. Methods:The study is characterized as sectional, descriptive and observational, with the target group of pregnant women enrolled in the Pré-natal Program of the Aparecida Health Unit. Thirty pregnant women were included in various stages of pregnancy. Periodontal Community Index was used to analyze the periodontal conditions. The data obtained were tabulated in Excel spreadsheet, from this mean and the respective standard deviations were calculated. 10390In addition, a questionnaire with semistructured questions was applied to the identification of diet, oral hygiene and survey of active white lesions of enamel. Results:It was found that half of the pregnant women adopted a diet rich in carbohydrates, and, in general, presented poor oral hygiene; presence of active enamel white lesion in the majority of pregnant women examined; the periodontal condition evaluated through of theshowed a high prevalence of dental calculus, gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets among the sextants examined.Conclusions:In general, the pregnant women presented a precarious oral health condition, with high mean values of the components of the used indexand the presence of active enamel white lesions.(AU).

Introducción:durante el embarazo, las hormonas sexuales, el estrógeno y la progesterona, aumentan significativamente en el cuerpo de la mujer y parecen tener efectos marcados y potencialmente dañinos en el metabolismo de los tejidos, por lo que son un factor agravante de la mayor incidencia de enfermedad periodontal en este período. Así como para aumentar la gravedad de la enfermedad cuando ya está instalada. Además, durante el período de gestación, se producen cambios en los niveles hormonales, lo que cambia las posibilidades de que la enfermedad periodontal se estabilice o empeore. Objetivo:Estudiar la prevalencia y la gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal, identificación de la dieta, higiene bucal y estudio de lesiones activas del esmalte blanco en mujeres embarazadas registradas en el Programa Pré-natal en unaUnidad de SaludBásica en Natal/RN. Método:El estudio se caracteriza por ser descriptivo, descriptivo y observacional, dirigido a mujeres embarazadas registradas en el programa Pré-natal de la Unidad de Salud de Aparecida. Se incluyeron treinta mujeres embarazadas en diferentes etapas del embarazo. Para el análisis de las condiciones periodontales, se utilizó un índice periodontal comunitario. Los datos obtenidos se tabularon en una hoja de cálculo Excel, a partir de la cual se calcularon los promedios y las respectivas desviaciones estándar. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas semiestructuradas para identificar la dieta, la higiene bucal y la encuesta de las lesiones activas del esmalte blanco. Resultados: encontró que la mitad de las mujeres embarazadas adoptaron una dieta rica en carbohidratos y, en general, presentaron una higiene bucal insatisfactoria; presencia de lesión del esmalte blanco activa en la mayoría de las embarazadas examinadas; La condición periodontal evaluada mediante el índicemostró una alta prevalencia de cálculo dental, sangrado gingival y bolsas periodontales entre los sextantes examinados. Conclusiones:en general, las mujeres embarazadas presentaron una condición de salud bucal precaria, con promedios altos de los componentes del índice utilizadoy la presencia de lesiones activas de esmalte blanco.(AU).

Effects of low-power wireless power transfer system on memory behavior and part of physiological properties of mice / 生物医学工程学杂志

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a new power transmission way, which can be widely used in electric vehicles and other fields. Its electromagnetic environment must be analyzed to ensure safe application. A low-power wireless power transfer system experimental platform was built, with 25 W receiving power and 47 kHz resonant frequency, which was used to carry out animal experiments. Treatment mice were exposed to environment of wireless power transfer system for 5 h a day and 6 days as one cycle. At the end of every cycle, learning memory behavior of mice were detected in T-shaped maze. The exposure experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Finally, immune parameters, sex hormones and part of organ physiological structure were detected. The results are as follows: as exposure time increased, memory behavior of mice did not change obviously with no statistical difference in sex hormone either ( > 0.05), the concentration of immune factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) significantly increased ( < 0.05), and the structure of some organs showed some changes. The experimental results show that the environment of the wireless power transfer system has no effect on the memory behavior of mice, and has some effect on physiological properties of mice.

Acupuncture ameliorates negative emotion in PCOS patients: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and possible mechanism of acupuncture treatment for negative emotion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).@*METHODS@#A total of 40 PCOS patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 20 cases in each one. Both groups received lifestyle interventions (exercise and diet guidance) on the 5th day of menstruation. On the basis of above treatment, the patients in the observation group received acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongwan (CV 12), Guilai (ST 29), Futu (ST 32), Liangqiu (ST 34), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Shenmen (HT 7), Baihui (GV 20) as the main acupoints, and connected the electroacupuncture (continuous wave, 2 Hz, 30 min), once every other day, 3 times a week. The treatment for 1 month was as one course and 4 courses were required totally in both groups. Before and after treatment, the body mass index (BMI), ferriman-gallway (F-G) score, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, PCOS health-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ) score were observed, meanwhile, serum sex hormone, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E), progestin (P), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and free androgen index (FAI) levels, and serumβ-endorphin levels were detected.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before treatment, the BMI, F-G score, SAS score, SDS score and serum FAI level were decreased and the PCOSQ score and the levels of serum SHBG andβ-endorphin were increased in the observation group after treatment (all <0.05). Compared with before treatment, the SDS score was decreased in the control group after treatment (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the F-G score, SDS score, SAS score, and serum FAI level were lower, and the PCOSQ score and serumβ-endorphin level were higher in the observation group after treatment (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Applying acupuncture to the treatment of patients with PCOS can effectively relieve anxiety and depression, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation on the levels of serumβ-endorphin and androgen.

Sex Differences in Gut Microbiota